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So, I have some rips of plywood. I have an assortment of speakers.
How generic a cabinet design/build can I get away with?

Here is a somewhat classic design that has very respectable performance that is rather forgiving
when it comes to speaker selection:

Harry Kolbe 1 x 12" in plywood and particle board. The question here is everything else being equal how would this cabinet design perform with
a 10" speaker instead of 12"? With EVs they are devastating.

I do have issues with this style of mounting in particle board and strongly advise against it.

Indeterminacy wrote: ↑Wed Jun 16, 2021 9:41 am The question here is everything else being equal how would this cabinet design perform with
a 10" speaker instead of 12"?

As with everything, it depends on the characteristics of the driver. 12 to 10 is not a huge jump, I would expect performance to be similar.

I read "all else being equal" to mean not scaling the over-all enclosure size down to the 10. This will result in more span of baffle, and being that your source material is not the inherently "dead" MDF, I would (were this my project) offset the placement of the hole so that no dimension from mounting rim of speaker to outer edge of baffle board is the same.

One of these days I'd like to get/make some metal rings that match the speaker mounting rim and use those to allow the thinnest, most resonant baffle board possible. Of course, experimentation is probably in order which can be material wasteful... but I will be sporting sheetmetal baffle at some point, and would love to mount a speaker on a drum head as well.

So venture a guess here:
Are the channels routed into the various panels for weight reduction or acoustic wizardry?

Forte 3D side vent cabinet.

And the classic EV TL806 Thiele 1x12 cabinet plans.
I still use this style of construction . Not the ports but the cleats.
I makes for a very sturdy and stiff box.
Useful when cranking EVMs up too and well past Patent Pending.

Here is a scaled down version of the above for a 10" speaker.

Indeterminacy wrote: ↑Fri Jun 18, 2021 7:14 am So venture a guess here:
Are the channels routed into the various panels for weight reduction or acoustic wizardry?

Forte 3D side vent cabinet.

I would guess weight reduction. Were I to treat the inside reflective surface of a cabinet with a CNC to induce diffusion I would probably opt for pecking out a "skyline" pattern, or if I were craving cabinet resonance I think concentric circles/rectangles would be better suited than ribs which tie along an axis. That's all armchair engineering though, I have no idea. It does look cool.

Indeterminacy wrote: ↑Fri Jun 18, 2021 7:27 am Here is a scaled down version of the above for a 10" speaker.

It's almost cute as the dickens. Sort of a scaled up Auratone.

I'd be tempted to paint teeth on that ugly plate covering the center port.

Confirmed with builder that the routed channels in the Forte are for weight reduction.

This a recent 2x12" I built for a friend.
29" x 17.5" x 12"

I've been using these cabinets from seismic audio with 600watt Carvin speakers. They aren't the best enclosures but I can get 4 dual 12s into the back of my jeep. I'd thought about building my own that were a bit better for stacking and loading but for the time being completely not needed